Python–openpyxl详解

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Python–openpyxl详解

2023-04-11 12:33| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

详解

安装

pip install openpyxl

打开文件

创建

from openpyxl import Workbook # 实例化 wb = Workbook() # 激活 worksheet ws = wb.active

打开已有

from openpyxl import load_workbook wb2 = load_workbook('文件名称.xlsx')

储存数据

# 方式一：数据可以直接分配到单元格中(可以输入公式) ws['A1'] = 42 # 方式二：可以附加行，从第一列开始附加(从最下方空白处，最左开始)(可以输入多行) ws.append([1, 2, 3]) # 方式三：Python 类型会被自动转换 ws['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

创建表（sheet）

# 方式一：插入到最后(default) >>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # 方式二：插入到最开始的位置 >>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0)

选择表（sheet）

# sheet 名称可以作为 key 进行索引 >>> ws3 = wb["New Title"] >>> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name("New Title") >>> ws is ws3 is ws4 True

查看表名（sheet）

# 显示所有表名 >>> print(wb.sheetnames) ['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1'] # 遍历所有表 >>> for sheet in wb: ... print(sheet.title)

访问单元格（call）

单一单元格访问

# 方法一 >>> c = ws['A4'] # 方法二：row 行；column 列 >>> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10) # 方法三：只要访问就创建 >>> for i in range(1,101): ... for j in range(1,101): ... ws.cell(row=i, column=j)

多单元格访问

# 通过切片 >>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2'] # 通过行(列) >>> colC = ws['C'] >>> col_range = ws['C:D'] >>> row10 = ws[10] >>> row_range = ws[5:10] # 通过指定范围(行 → 行) >>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in row: ... print(cell) 　 # 通过指定范围(列 → 列) >>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in row: ... print(cell) # 遍历所有方法一 >>> ws = wb.active >>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world' >>> tuple(ws.rows) ((, , ), (, , ), ... (, , ), (, , )) # 遍历所有方法二 >>> tuple(ws.columns) ((, , , ... , , ), (, ... , ))

保存数据

>>> wb.save('文件名称.xlsx')

改变 sheet 标签按钮颜色

ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"

获取最大行，最大列

# 获得最大列和最大行 print(sheet.max_row) print(sheet.max_column)

获取每一行，每一列

sheet.rows为生成器, 里面是每一行的数据，每一行又由一个tuple包裹。

sheet.columns类似，不过里面是每个tuple是每一列的单元格。

# 因为按行，所以返回A1, B1, C1这样的顺序 for row in sheet.rows: for cell in row: print(cell.value) # A1, A2, A3这样的顺序 for column in sheet.columns: for cell in column: print(cell.value)

根据数字得到字母，根据字母得到数字

from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string # 根据列的数字返回字母 print(get_column_letter(2)) # B # 根据字母返回列的数字 print(column_index_from_string('D')) # 4

删除工作表

# 方式一 wb.remove(sheet) # 方式二 del wb[sheet]

矩阵置换（行 → 列）

rows = [ ['Number', 'data1', 'data2'], [2, 40, 30], [3, 40, 25], [4, 50, 30], [5, 30, 10], [6, 25, 5], [7, 50, 10]] list(zip(*rows)) # out [('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50), ('data2', 30, 25, 30, 10, 5, 10)] # 注意方法会舍弃缺少数据的列(行) rows = [ ['Number', 'data1', 'data2'], [2, 40 ], # 这里少一个数据 [3, 40, 25], [4, 50, 30], [5, 30, 10], [6, 25, 5], [7, 50, 10], ] # out [('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50)]

单元格样式

from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors, Alignment # 下面的代码指定了等线24号，加粗斜体，字体颜色红色。直接使用cell的font属性，将Font对象赋值给它。 bold_itatic_24_font = Font(name='等线', size=24, italic=True, color=colors.RED, bold=True) sheet['A1'].font = bold_itatic_24_font

对齐方式

也是直接使用cell的属性aligment，这里指定垂直居中和水平居中。除了center，还可以使用right、left等等参数。 # 设置B1中的数据垂直居中和水平居中 sheet['B1'].alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')

设置行高和列宽

# 第2行行高 sheet.row_dimensions[2].height = 40 # C列列宽 sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 30

合并和拆分单元格

所谓合并单元格，即以合并区域的左上角的那个单元格为基准，覆盖其他单元格使之称为一个大的单元格。

相反，拆分单元格后将这个大单元格的值返回到原来的左上角位置。

# 合并单元格，往左上角写入数据即可 sheerge_cells('B1:G1') # 合并一行中的几个单元格 sheerge_cells('A1:C3') # 合并一个矩形区域中的单元格

合并后只可以往左上角写入数据，也就是区间中:左边的坐标。

如果这些要合并的单元格都有数据，只会保留左上角的数据，其他则丢弃。换句话说若合并前不是在左上角写入数据，合并后单元格中不会有数据。

以下是拆分单元格的代码。拆分后，值回到A1位置。

sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:C3')

小案例

import datetime from random import choice from time import time from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter # 设置文件 mingc addr = "openpyxl.xlsx" # 打开文件 wb = load_workbook(addr) # 创建一张新表 ws = wb.create_sheet() # 第一行输入 ws.append(['TIME', 'TITLE', 'A-Z']) # 输入内容（500行数据） for i in range(500): TIME = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S") TITLE = str(time()) A_Z = get_column_letter(choice(range(1, 50))) ws.append([TIME, TITLE, A_Z]) # 获取最大行 row_max = ws.max_row # 获取最大列 con_max = ws.max_column # 把上面写入内容打印在控制台 for j in ws.rows: # we.rows 获取每一行数据 for n in j: print(n.value, end="\t") # n.value 获取单元格的值 print() # 保存，save（必须要写文件名（绝对地址）默认 py 同级目录下，只支持 xlsx 格式） wb.save(addr) 案例

1、安装

pip install openpyxl 想要在文件中插入图片文件，需要安装pillow，安装文件：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe · font(字体类)：字号、字体颜色、下划线等 · fill(填充类)：颜色等 · border(边框类)：设置单元格边框 · alignment(位置类)：对齐方式 · number_format(格式类)：数据格式 · protection(保护类)：写保护

2、创建一个excel 文件，并写入不同类的内容

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() #创建文件对象 # grab the active worksheet ws = wb.active #获取第一个sheet # Data can be assigned directly to cells ws['A1'] = 42 #写入数字 ws['B1'] = "你好"+"automation test" #写入中文（unicode中文也可） # Rows can also be appended ws.append([1, 2, 3]) #写入多个单元格 # Python types will automatically be converted import datetime import time ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() #写入一个当前时间 #写入一个自定义的时间格式 ws['A3'] =time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒",time.localtime()) # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

3、创建sheet

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet ws1["A1"]=123.11 ws1["B2"]="你好" d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10) print ws1["A1"].value print ws1["B2"].value print d.value # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

4、操作单元格

操作批量的单元格

无论ws.rows还是ws.iter_rows都是一个对象

除上述两个对象外单行，单列都是一个元祖，多行多列是二维元祖

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #创建一个sheet ws1["A1"]=1 ws1["A2"]=2 ws1["A3"]=3 ws1["B1"]=4 ws1["B2"]=5 ws1["B3"]=6 ws1["C1"]=7 ws1["C2"]=8 ws1["C3"]=9 #操作单列 print ws1["A"] for cell in ws1["A"]: print cell.value #操作多列,获取每一个值 print ws1["A:C"] for column in ws1["A:C"]: for cell in column: print cell.value #操作多行 row_range = ws1[1:3] print row_range for row in row_range: for cell in row: print cell.value print "*"*50 for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3): for cell in row: print cell.value #获取所有行 print ws1.rows for row in ws1.rows: print row print "*"*50 #获取所有列 print ws1.columns for col in ws1.columns: print col wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

使用百分数

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') wb.guess_types = True # 如果等于False 结果会打印百分数 ws=wb.active ws["D1"]="12%" print ws["D1"].value # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx") #结果会打印小数

获取所有的行对象(常用于按行读excel)

from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('1.xlsx') ws = wb.active for row in ws.iter_rows(): print(tuple(map(lambda x: x.value, row))) # for i in row: # print(i.value)

获取所有的列对象(常用于按列读excel)

from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('1.xlsx') ws = wb.active for row in ws.iter_cols(): print(tuple(map(lambda x: x.value, row)))

操作已经存在的文件(修改内容)

from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('1.xlsx') wb.guess_types = True # 猜测格式类型 ws = wb.active print(ws['C2']) ws["D1"] = "12%" # 直接修改 wb.save("1.xlsx") # 注意如果原文件有一些图片或者图标，则保存的时候可能会导致图片丢失

单元格类型

from openpyxl import load_workbook import datetime wb = load_workbook('1.xlsx') ws = wb.active wb.guess_types = True ws["A1"] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21) print(ws["A1"].number_format) ws["A2"] = "12%" print(ws["A2"].number_format) ws["A3"] = 1.1 print(ws["A4"].number_format) ws["A4"] = "中国" print(ws["A5"].number_format) # Save the file wb.save("1.xlsx") #如果是常规，显示general,如果是数字，显示'0.00_ '，如果是百分数显示0% # 数字需要在Excel中设置数字类型，直接写入的数字是常规类型

使用公式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl import load_workbook wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active ws1["A1"]=1 ws1["A2"]=2 ws1["A3"]=3 ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)" ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)" print(ws1["A4"].value) #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值 print(ws1["A5"].value) #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

合并单元格

需要先安装Pilow

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active img = Image('e:\\1.png') ws1.add_image(img, 'A1') # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

隐藏单元格

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx') ws1=wb.active ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) #隐藏a到d列范围内的列 #ws1.row_dimensions 无group方法 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

设定一个表格区域，并设定表格的格式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active data = [ ['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000], ['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000], ['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000], ['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700], ] # add column headings. NB. these must be strings ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"]) for row in data: ws.append(row) tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5") # Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True, showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True) #第一列是否和样式第一行颜色一行，第二列是否··· #是否隔行换色，是否隔列换色 tab.tableStyleInfo = style ws.add_table(tab) # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

给单元格设定字体颜色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import colors from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active a1 = ws['A1'] d4 = ws['D4'] ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，颜色编码也可以设定颜色 a1.font = ft d4.font = ft # If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it:: #italic 倾斜字体 a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1 a1.value = "abc" # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

设定字体和大小

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import colors from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active a1 = ws['A1'] d4 = ws['D4'] a1.value = "abc" from openpyxl.styles import Font from copy import copy ft1 = Font(name=u'宋体', size=14) ft2 = copy(ft1) #复制字体对象 ft2.name = "Tahoma" print ft1.name print ft2.name print ft2.size # copied from the a1.font = ft1 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

设定行和列的字体

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active col = ws.column_dimensions['A'] col.font = Font(bold=True) #将A列设定为粗体 row = ws.row_dimensions[1] row.font = Font(underline="single") #将第一行设定为下划线格式 # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight") highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100") highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充 bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000") highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd) print dir(ws["A1"]) ws["A1"].style =highlight # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

常用的样式和属性设置

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑', size=11, bold=False, italic=False, vertAlign=None, underline='none', strike=False, color='FF000000') fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid", start_color='FFEEFFFF', end_color='FF001100') #边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin'] #diagonal 表示对角线 bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF001000'), right=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF110000'), top=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF110000'), bottom=Side(border_style="thin", color='FF110000'), diagonal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), diagonal_direction=0, outline=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), vertical=Side(border_style=None, color='FF000000'), horizontal=Side(border_style=None, color='FF110000') ) alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general', vertical='bottom', text_rotation=0, wrap_text=False, shrink_to_fit=False, indent=0) number_format = 'General' protection = Protection(locked=True, hidden=False) ws["B5"].font = ft ws["B5"].fill =fill ws["B5"].border = bd ws["B5"].alignment = alignment ws["B5"].number_format = number_format ws["B5"].value ="zeke" # Save the file wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

插入图片

from openpyxl import load_workbook from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image wb = load_workbook('1.xlsx') ws1 = wb.active img = Image(r'C:\Users\EDY\Desktop\1654138574(1).jpg') img.width, img.height = 50, 50 ws1.add_image(img, 'F1') # 第2行行高 ws1.row_dimensions[2].height = 40 # C列列宽 ws1.column_dimensions['C'].width = 30 wb.save("1.xlsx") 样式详解

字体样式

from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active # 默认字体样式 ws["A1"] = "A1" # 自定义字体样式 ws["B2"] = "B2" font = Font( name="微软雅黑", # 字体 size=15, # 字体大小 color="0000FF", # 字体颜色，用16进制rgb表示 bold=True, # 是否加粗，True/False italic=True, # 是否斜体，True/False strike=None, # 是否使用删除线，True/False underline=None, # 下划线, 可选'singleAccounting', 'double', 'single', 'doubleAccounting' ) ws["B2"].font = font wb.save("./test.xlsx")

行列宽高

from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws.row_dimensions[2].height = 30 # 设置第2行高度为30 ws.column_dimensions["B"].width = 30 # 设置B列宽度为30 wb.save("./test.xlsx")

对齐方式

from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws["B2"] = "B2" side = Side( style="medium", # 边框样式，可选dashDot、dashDotDot、dashed、dotted、double、hair、medium、mediumDashDot、mediumDashDotDot、mediumDashed、slantDashDot、thick、thin color="ff66dd", # 边框颜色，16进制rgb表示 ) ws["B2"].border = Border( top=side, # 上 bottom=side, # 下 left=side, # 左 right=side, # 右 diagonal=side # 对角线 ) wb.save("./test.xlsx")

边框

填充和渐变

from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, GradientFill wb = Workbook() ws = wb.active ws["B2"] = "B2" fill = PatternFill( patternType="solid", # 填充类型，可选none、solid、darkGray、mediumGray、lightGray、lightDown、lightGray、lightGrid fgColor="F562a4", # 前景色，16进制rgb bgColor="0000ff", # 背景色，16进制rgb # fill_type=None, # 填充类型 # start_color=None, # 前景色，16进制rgb # end_color=None # 背景色，16进制rgb ) ws["B2"].fill = fill ws["B3"].fill = GradientFill( degree=60, # 角度 stop=("000000", "FFFFFF") # 渐变颜色，16进制rgb ) wb.save("./test.xlsx")

案例

from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, colors, borders, Font, Alignment class ExportExcel(object): '''导出excel''' def __init__(self): self._wb = Workbook() self._border = Border( # 边框 top=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK), bottom=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK), left=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK), right=Side(style=borders.BORDER_THIN, color=colors.BLACK) ) self._font = Font(bold=True, size=10) # 字体 self._alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center') # 居中 def jibenxinxi(self): '''基本信息''' sheet = self._wb.create_sheet('基本信息', 0) for index, row in enumerate(sheet['A1:L16']): sheet.row_dimensions[index + 1].height = 35 # 行高 for info in row: info.border = self._border info.alignment = self._alignment info.font = self._font info.alignment = self._alignment sheerge_cells('A1:L1') sheet['A1'] = '教员基本情况' sheet['A2'] = '姓名' sheerge_cells('A2:C2') sheet['D2'] = 'xx' sheerge_cells('D2:F2') sheet['G2'] = '性别' sheet['H2'] = 'xx' sheet['I2'] = '民族' sheet['J2'] = 'xx' sheet['K2'] = '籍贯' sheet['L2'] = 'xx' # ---------------------------------------- sheet['A3'] = '出生年月' sheerge_cells('A3:C3') sheet['D3'] = 'xx' sheerge_cells('D3:F3') sheet['G3'] = '工作年月' sheet['H3'] = 'xx' sheet['I3'] = '任教年月' sheet['J3'] = 'xx' sheet['K3'] = '出生地' sheet['L3'] = 'xx' # -------------------------------------- sheet['A4'] = '人员类型' sheerge_cells('A4:C4') sheet['D4'] = 'xx' sheerge_cells('D4:F4') sheet['G4'] = '职务' sheet['H4'] = 'xx' sheet['I4'] = '政治面貌' sheet['J4'] = 'xx' sheet['K4'] = '婚姻状况' sheet['L4'] = 'xx' self._wb.save(r'C:\Users\EDY\Desktop\1.xlsx') # r = ExportExcel() # r.jibenxinxi() 您可能感兴趣的内容: 【办公自动化】全网最全python中openpyxl库的使用 Python openpyxl模块简单介绍【python绘图】Matplotlib绘图及设置（使用python制图） python实现——处理Excel表格（超详细） Python处理Excel数据的方法

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